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Figurate erythema in 11 Eastern European sphynx cats
11只东欧斯芬克斯猫的回状红斑
作者：Ekaterina Mendoza-Kuznetsova | Viktorija Lokianskiene | Ilze Matise-VanHoutan | Olesya Fiskovich | Thierry Olivry
翻译：王帆
Abstract
Background: In humans, figurate erythema (FE) represents a heterogenous group of dermatoses with circular or serpiginous erythematous skin lesions; FE has not been reported in cats.
Objectives: To report clinical and histological characteristics and outcomes of FE in sphynx cats from Baltic sea-bordering countries.
Animals: Eleven client-owned sphynx cats with FE.
Materials and Methods: We recruited cases meeting the following criteria: (i) a sphynx breed, (ii) FE with or without scaling, (iii) a chronic, waxing-and waning course lasting longer than a month and (iv) an absence of other skin diseases.
Results: Of 11 cats, there were seven Donskoys, one Peterbald, one Ukrainian Levkoy and two presumed Canadian sphynxes; all except one were males, and the age of onset was ＜12months in eight cats. Skin lesions lasted between 1.2 and 56months, and they consisted of erythematous plaques with a linear-to-serpiginous, annular, gyrate or iris configuration predominating on the trunk and extremities. Scaling was often seen trailing the edge of the centrifugally expanding erythema. All cats were otherwise asymptomatic or mildly pruritic. Dermatophytosis was ruled out by special stains and/or fungal cultures in eight cats. Microscopic lesions revealed focal, mild-to-moderate epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, minimal-to-mild dysplasia and subepidermal collagen smudging. Special stains were negative for dermatophytes. The clinical remission of FE was not achieved with diet changes or medical interventions; yet, a spontaneous, transient, partial or complete improvement occurred in most cats.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: This is the first report of FE in sphynx cats from Eastern Europe.
KEYWORDS
annular erythema, feline, figurate erythema, sphynx cat
摘要
背景:在人类，回状红斑(FE)是一组具有圆形或匐形发红皮肤病变的异质性皮肤病。猫中未见FE的报道。
目的:报道来自波罗的海沿岸国家的斯芬克斯猫FE的临床表现、组织学特征和转归。
动物:11只有FE的家养斯芬克斯猫。
材料和方法:我们招募了符合以下标准的病例:(i)斯芬克斯品种，(ii) FE伴有或不伴有皮屑，(iii)病程持续超过一个月的慢性的时好时坏过程和(iv)无其他皮肤病。
结果:11只猫中，有7只顿斯科伊无毛猫, 1只彼得堡无毛猫, 1只乌克兰Levkoy和2只加拿大斯芬克斯猫;8只猫除1只外均为雄性，发病年龄均<12月龄。皮肤病变持续1.2月至56月不等，主要分布于躯干和四肢，发红斑块呈线状至匐形、回环状、螺旋状或虹膜状。在离心性扩张的发红边缘后方常可见皮屑。所有猫均无其他症状或轻度瘙痒。8只猫经特殊染色和(或)真菌培养排除了皮肤癣菌病。镜下病变表现为局灶性、轻中度表皮增生和角化过度，轻中度发育不良和表皮下胶原模糊。皮肤癣菌的特殊染色呈阴性。饮食改变或药物干预均未达到临床缓解;然而，大多数猫出现了自发的、短暂的、部分或完全的改善。
结论和临床意义:这是首次报道东欧斯芬克斯猫的FE。
关键词
环状红斑，猫，回状红斑，斯芬克斯猫
INTRODUCTION
介绍
In humans, figurate erythema (FE) represents a heterogenous group of dermatoses that share annular, circinate, concentric, polycyclic or arciform erythematous lesions with a tendency to spread centrifugally; the lesions can be scaling or nonscaling. Diseases manifesting clinically as FE have different aetiopathogeneses: they can be of infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, metabolic, allergic or idiopathic origins. Owing to the large variation in aetiological factors, it has been suspected that FE represents a clinical pattern rather than a distinct disease. In some patients with FE, immune-mediated reactions to various antigens are suspected mechanisms of lesion formation.
在人类，回状红斑(FE)是一组异质性皮肤病，具有环状、螺旋状、同心圆、多环状或弧形发红病变，并有向心性扩散的趋势;病变可以有皮屑或无皮屑。临床表现为FE的疾病有不同的发病机制:感染性、自体免疫性、肿瘤性、代谢性、过敏性或特发性。由于病因的巨大差异，人们怀疑FE代表了一种临床模式，而不是一种独特的疾病。在一些FE患者中，对各种抗原的免疫介导反应可能是病变形成的机制。
For many years, veterinary surgeons have seen an increasing number of cases clinically resembling human FE in sphynx cats from Baltic sea-bordering countries. Many theories for such a unique clinical presentation exist among sphynx owners and breeders; yet, to the best of the authors' knowledge, none of them are based on any scientific data.
多年来，兽医在波罗的海沿岸国家的斯芬克斯猫上发现了越来越多的临床类似人类FE的病例。在斯芬克斯宠主和繁殖者中，对于这种独特的临床表现存在许多理论;然而，据作者所知，没有一个是基于任何科学数据的。
The purpose of this report is to describe the signalments, clinical course, histological presentation, treatment and outcome of 11 sphynx cats with FE.
本文的目的是描述11只患有FE的斯芬克斯猫的特征，临床过程，组织学表现，治疗和结果。
MATERIALS AND METHODS
材料和方法
A request for case material from sphynx cats with FE was sent to veterinarians via the international Vetderm list and local and national veterinary dermatology societies of Baltic sea-neighbouring countries where such a dermatosis had been observed in sphynx breeds. Veterinary surgeons were asked to complete a questionnaire for each patient and send clinical photographs, and the skin biopsy reports, digital scans, slides or paraffin-embedded blocks if biopsies had been taken.
通过国际兽医名单和波罗的海邻国的地方和国家兽医皮肤病学会，向在斯芬克斯品种中观察到这种皮肤病的兽医发送了索取患有FE的斯芬克斯猫病例材料的请求。兽医被要求为每名患猫填写一份问卷，并发送临床照片，以及皮肤活检报告、数字扫描、切片或石蜡包埋块(如果进行了活检)。
The questionnaire requested information on the cats' signalment (breed, sex and age), clinical signs (distribution of the lesions, presence of pruritus, systemic clinical signs or concurrent illnesses), dermatosis course (age of onset, age of presentation to the veterinarian, duration of clinical signs, response to a dietary trial and other therapeutic interventions, presence of remission/relapses and seasonality) and outcome (see Appendix S1). Whenever possible, fungal culture, skin cytological and additional test results were requested from clinicians providing cases.
问卷要求提供关于猫的特征(品种、性别和年龄)、临床症状(皮肤病变分布、瘙痒、全身临床症状或并发疾病)、皮肤病病程(发病年龄、向兽医就诊的年龄、临床症状持续时间、对饮食试验和其他治疗干预的反应、缓解/复发和季节性)和结局的信息(见附录S1)。尽可能要求提供病例的临床医师提供真菌培养、皮肤细胞学和其他检查结果。
We recruited cases meeting the following four criteria: (i) a sphynx breed, (ii) the presence of FE with or without scaling, (iii) a ‘chronic’ waxing-and-waning course lasting longer than a month and (iv) an absence of other obvious skin diseases.
我们招募了符合以下4个标准的病例:(i)斯芬克斯品种，(ii)存在FE伴有或不伴有皮屑，(iii)持续超过一个月的“慢性”时好时坏过程和(iv)没有其他明显的皮肤病。
Whenever available, biopsied skin samples were investigated and compared with normal sphynx cat skin from the same patient or to findings from a previous publication by a board-certified pathologist (IMV). Additional stains (periodic acid Schiff [PAS] and Grocott's methenamine silver [GMS]) for fungal elements were performed on available samples.
只要有活检的皮肤样本，就会进行研究，并与同一患猫的正常斯芬克斯猫皮肤或与委员会认证病理学家(IMV)之前发表的结果进行比较。对可用样本进行了其他真菌元素染色(过碘酸希夫染色[PAS]和Grocott's六胺银染色[GMS])。
RESULTS
结果
Twelve cases were initially included in the study based on the presence of FE. Signalments, treatment and outcome data are summarised in Table S1. One cat was later excluded as, based on its clinical and histological presentations, it is likely to have been affected by a concurrent atopic skin syndrome whose lesions would have been difficult to separate from those of FE.
根据是否存在FE将12例患猫纳入本研究。特征、治疗和结果数据见表S1。1只猫后来被排除，因为根据其临床和组织学表现，它可能并发的患特应性皮肤综合征，其病变很难与FE的病变区分。
From the remaining 11 cases, there were 10 (91%) males (six intact, four neutered) and one (9%) intact female cat. Seven of 11 cats (64%) were Donskoy sphynxes, one each of 11 were a Peterbald sphynx and a Ukrainian Levkoy (the female cat), and two of 11 (18%) were presumed Canadian sphynx cats that did not have proven pedigrees confirming their origin.
其余11只猫中，10只(91%)为雄性(6只未去势，4只已去势)，1只(9%)为未绝育雌性。11只猫中有7只(64%)是顿斯科伊斯芬克斯猫，11只猫中有1只是彼得堡斯芬克斯猫和1只乌克兰Levkoy(母猫)，11只猫中有2只(18%)是加拿大斯芬克斯猫，它们的血统没有得到证实。
In eight of 11 cats (73%), the age of onset of lesions was under 12months, in two of 11 (18%), it was between 12 and 24months, and, in the last one, it was 35months.
11只猫中有8只(73%)的发病年龄在12个月以下，11只猫中有2只(18%)的发病年龄在12 ~ 24个月，最后1只的发病年龄为35个月。
Except for one cat, which had intermittent vomiting at the beginning of skin lesion development, none of the cats had any systemic signs or concurrent diseases.
除了一只猫在皮肤病变开始时出现间歇性呕吐外，其他猫都没有任何全身症状或并发疾病。
Pruritus was absent in nine of 11 cats (82%), while another (case 5) exhibited mild pruritus at the beginning of the lesions' appearance, which then disappeared later while the dermatosis was still present; the last cat (case 9) had moderate pruritus.
11只猫中9只(82%)无瘙痒，1只猫(例5)皮肤病变出现时有轻度瘙痒，皮肤病变仍存在时瘙痒消失;最后一只猫(例9)有中度瘙痒。
In all cases, skin lesions were similar and consisted of linear erythematous plaques with annular, polycyclic and arciform configurations (Figure 1). The lesions were slightly raised and had varying degrees of erythema and/or dyspigmentation. In eight of 11 patients (73%), lesions had a ‘trailing scale’, meaning that desquamation appeared to follow the pattern of the plaques (Figure 2). Three cats had minor lesions without apparent scaling.
所有病例的皮肤病变均相似，由线状发红斑块组成，呈环状、多环状和弧形(图1)。皮肤病变轻微隆起，并有不同程度的发红和(或)色素减退。在11例患猫中，8例(73%)的病变有“拖尾皮屑”，这意味着脱屑似乎与斑块的模式一致(图2)。3只猫有轻微病变，无明显皮屑。
All cats exhibited lesions on the trunk, while 10 of 11 cats (91%) had lesions on the back and abdomen; on the abdomen, lesions often surrounded the nipples. Three of 11 (27%) cats had lesions on the tail, and, in one of them, lesions appeared on the tail first before spreading to the entire body; three of 11 cases had a generalised distribution of lesions.
11只猫均表现为躯干病变，10只猫(91%)出现在背部和腹部;腹部病变常包绕乳头。11只猫中有3只(27%)在尾巴出现病变，其中1只先在尾巴出现病变，然后扩散到全身;11例中3例病灶分布呈全身性。
A strict dietary trial was performed in two of 11 cats, with one having no improvement of lesions during the diet and the second exhibiting only a partial improvement. In a third pet, the owner linked the worsening of the skin lesions to the introduction of new food items.
对11只猫中的2只进行了严格的饮食试验，其中1只在饮食期间病变没有改善，另1只仅部分改善。在第三只宠物中，主人认为皮肤病变的恶化与引入新的食物有关。
In two of 11 cats, fungal cultures were performed and were negative, in six available biopsies, PAS and GMS stains were negative for dermatophytes (Table 1). Overall, based on negative fungal culture and/or special histological stains, dermatophytosis was assumed unlikely in seven of 11 cats (64%). From the remaining four cats, one had a negative Wood's lamp examination and another one had a negative skin scraping.
对11只猫中的2只进行了真菌培养，结果为阴性，在6份活检中，PAS和GMS染色均为皮肤癣菌阴性(表1)。总体而言，根据阴性的真菌培养和/或特殊组织学染色，我们认为11只猫中的7只(64%)不太可能患皮肤癣菌病。在剩下的四只猫中，一只的伍德灯检查结果为阴性，另一只的皮肤刮片结果为阴性。
Skin cytological evaluation was performed in three of 11 cats, of which one was diagnosed with Malassezia dermatitis. This cat was treated with chlorhexidine shampoo, which led to a cytological cure while FE lesions persisted. The other two cats had negative cytological findings for surface bacteria or yeast.
对11只猫中的3只进行了皮肤细胞学评估，其中1只被诊断为马拉色菌皮肤病。这只猫用氯己定香波治疗，导致了细胞学治愈，而FE病变持续存在。另外两只猫的表面细菌或酵母菌细胞学检查结果呈阴性。
Treatment was attempted in five of 11 cats with one or more of the following drugs and regimens: oral methylprednisolone (1mg/kg for 14days), injectable dexamethasone (0.6mg/cat–1mg/kg every 48h), chlorhexidine shampoo, oral antibiotics, oral cetirizine, oclacitinib (3.6mg/cat twice daily for 14days followed by once daily for sevendays) and topical betamethasone. A partial decrease in pruritus, and not in FE lesions, was seen in the cat (Cat 9) with moderate pruritus treated with oral cetirizine and topical betamethasone. One cat (11) experienced a complete-yet-temporary remission of FE lesions after the dexamethasone injection; yet, after the signs had recurred, the lesions no longer seemed to respond to additional dexamethasone injections, an oral course of oclacitinib or chlorhexidine shampoos. The topical application of baby oil improved scaling in this cat yet did not help the erythematous lesions.
11只猫中的5只尝试了以下一种或多种药物和方案:口服甲泼尼龙(1mg/kg, 14天)，注射地塞米松(0.6mg/猫- 1mg/kg，每48小时)，氯己定香波，口服抗生素，口服西替利嗪，奥拉替尼(3.6mg/猫，每天两次，14天，之后每天一次，连续7天)和外用倍他米松。口服西替利嗪和外用倍他米松治疗中度瘙痒的猫(猫9)的瘙痒部分减轻，而FE皮肤病变未见减轻。1只猫(11号)在地塞米松注射后FE病变完全缓解;然而，在症状复发后，再次地塞米松注射、奥拉替尼口服疗程或氯己定洗香波似乎不再对皮肤病变有效。外用婴儿油改善了这只猫的皮屑，但对发红病变无效。
Overall, the duration of FE lasted from 1.2 to 56months while the follow-up period ranged from zero to 56months.
总体而言，FE持续时间为1.2-56个月，随访时间为0-56个月。
Spontaneous complete remission of FE was observed in one Peterbald sphynx cat and was reported by the owner of another (Cat 2), whereas a waxingand-waning course of skin lesions was observed in the remaining nine of 11 cats, three of which had seasonal fluctuations with different patterns. Cat 4 was suspected to have lesions exacerbated by stress.
我们观察到一只彼得堡斯芬克斯猫的FE自发性完全缓解，另一只猫(猫2)的主人报告了FE的自发性完全缓解，而在11只猫中的其余9只猫中观察到皮肤病变的病程呈时好时坏趋势，其中3只有不同模式的季节性波动。猫4被怀疑有因应激而加重的病变。
Biopsied tissues or slides were available for seven of 11 cats. The most significant histopathological changes in all cats were mild-to-moderate epidermal hyperplasia (mainly acanthosis), minimal-to-mild hyperkeratosis (loose basketweave) and minimal-to-mild basal cell keratinocyte disarray (Figure 3a,b) with occasional scalloping of the basal margin. Minimal-to-mild homogenisation and paleness of dermal collagen (‘smudging’) was noted below the basement membrane zone, at least in some foci in all examined cats. There was a minimal-to-mild increase in mast cells and small numbers of lymphocytes in the superficial dermis. Hair follicles were within normal limits for sphynx cats with occasional mild-to-moderate infundibular acanthosis. In three of seven cats (43%), small-to-moderate numbers of superficial yeast organisms consistent with Malassezia spp. were recognised in haematoxylin and eosin-, PAS- and GMS-stained sections.
11只猫中有7只获得了活检组织或切片。所有猫最显著的组织病理学变化是轻至中度表皮增生(主要是棘皮症)、极轻至轻度角化过度(疏松网篮状)和极轻至轻度基底细胞的角质形成细胞紊乱(图3a,b)，偶尔基底边缘出现扇贝状改变。基底膜带以下的真皮胶原极轻度至轻度均质化和苍白(“模糊”)，至少在所有接受检查的猫的一些点状病变中是如此。真皮浅层肥大细胞和少量淋巴细胞轻度增加。斯芬克斯猫的毛囊在正常范围内，偶尔有轻度至中度的漏斗部棘皮症。在7只猫中的3只(43%)中，在苏木精-伊红、PAS和GMS染色切片中发现少量至中等数量的与马拉色菌属相符的浅表酵母菌。
DISCUSSION
讨论
This article describes 11 sphynx cats with a unique dermatosis resembling the FE of humans.
这篇文章描述了11只斯芬克斯猫，它们有一种独特的皮肤病，类似于人类的FE。
In people, several forms of FE are described based on their clinical, histological presentations and associated systemic diseases. Some FE forms have a strong association with systemic conditions, while others are idiopathic. Histological changes are not specific in any of the forms. There are no established diagnostic criteria for subsets of human FE, and their diagnosis remains mostly clinical.
在人类中，根据其临床、组织学表现和相关的系统性疾病描述了几种形式的FE。一些FE形式与系统性疾病密切相关，而另一些则是特发性的。任何形式的组织学改变都不是特异性的。目前，人类FE各亚型的诊断标准尚不明确，诊断仍以临床诊断为主。
Although the skin lesions exhibited by the sphynx cats herein clinically represent an FE, the course of dermatitis, lack of association with systemic diseases and response to therapy and outcome altogether do not fit any specific variant of human FE. Histological findings, although not very specific, differ from those described in human FE. Interestingly, all sphynx cats with FE selected had a unique and homogeneous pattern of skin lesions, histopathological findings and disease progression. This FE of sphynx cats (FESC) has a chronic, waxing-and-waning course with rare spontaneous resolution. It is nonpruritic in most cats, yet can be mildly-to-moderately pruritic in some. Only two cats from this study experienced mild or moderate pruritus, whose presence and severity did not seem to correlate with the severity of FE lesions. So, these cats might suffer from pruritus that is unrelated to FE.
虽然斯芬克斯猫的皮肤病变在临床上表现为FE，但皮肤病的病程、与系统性疾病的缺乏关联以及对治疗和结果的反应完全不符合任何人类FE的特定亚型。组织学发现，虽然不是很有特异性，但不同于人类FE的描述。有趣的是，所有患FE的斯芬克斯猫的皮肤病变、组织病理学发现和疾病进展都具有独特而均匀的模式。这种斯芬克斯猫的FE (FESC)具有一种慢性的、时好时怀的过程，罕见的自发性消退。大多数猫无瘙痒，但有些猫可能有轻至中度瘙痒。本研究中只有两只猫出现了轻度或中度瘙痒，瘙痒的存在和严重程度似乎与FE病变的严重程度无关。因此，这些猫可能患有与FE无关的瘙痒症。
Although the method of this study does not allow for eliminating the possibility of systemic or skin underlying conditions, the absence of systemic signs along with the chronic course of FE lesions makes the presence of systemic diseases less likely. In 64% of our cats, dermatophytosis was considered unlikely owing to negative culture or histological stains. Finding yeast on histopathological investigation in three cats and on cytological investigation in one of them was not unexpected, as sphynx cats are known to be predisposed to Malassezia colonisation on their skin. Although, in one cat, topical treatment led to the cytological cure of Malassezia overgrowth, it did not lead to any improvement of FE lesions, and in another two cats, the skin cytological findings were negative for yeast, it is unlikely that a Malassezia colonisation or dermatitis is the underlying cause for FE lesion formation in these cats.
虽然本研究的方法不能排除全身或皮肤基础疾病的可能性，但FE病灶的慢性病程和全身症状的缺乏使得存在全身疾病的可能性较小。在64%的猫中，由于阴性培养或组织学染色，我们认为不太可能有皮肤癣菌病。在3只猫的组织病理学检查和其中1只猫的细胞学检查中发现酵母菌并不意外，因为已知斯芬克斯猫易于在其皮肤上定植马拉色菌。虽然在一只猫中，外用治疗使马拉色菌过度增殖的细胞学治愈，但并没有使FE病变得到任何改善，而且在另外两只猫中，皮肤细胞学检查结果为酵母菌阴性，但马拉色菌定植或皮肤病不太可能是这些猫FE病变形成的根本原因。
The lesions were similar in all of our cases, especially in their unique pattern and distribution. While erythematous plaques are commonly seen in feline dermatoses, the annular, polycyclic and arciform configuration with trailing linear desquamation along the edges of the most prominent plaques makes the clinical phenotype of these cats remarkable.
所有病例的病变均相似，尤其是在其独特的模式和分布。虽然发红斑块在猫皮肤病中很常见，但沿着最突出的斑块边缘的环状、多环状和弧形结构以及拖尾的线状皮屑使这些猫的临床表型显著。
In this study, the skin lesions of FESC did not respond to the treatment with glucocorticoids, antibiotics, oclacitinib, topical antiseptics or cetirizine. The design of the study did not allow uniform diagnostic and treatment interventions because the case information was requested from different veterinary surgeons, and part of the information was retrospective. As a result, each cat was managed differently in this study, which did not allow for a clear assessment of treatment efficacy.
在本研究中，FESC皮肤病变对糖皮质激素、抗生素、奥拉替尼、外用抗菌剂或西替利嗪治疗均无效果。该研究的设计不允许采取统一的诊断和治疗干预措施，因为病例信息要求来自不同的兽医，并且部分信息是回顾性的。因此，在这项研究中，每只猫的治疗方法不同，因此无法对治疗效果进行明确评估。
Most cats in our study exhibited their first clinical signs at a young age. In the absence of signs of infections, such a young age of onset raises the suspicion of a genetic cause for this condition. Furthermore, FESC has been observed only in sphynx cats living in specific Eastern European/Baltic countries. Seven cats in our study were Donskoy (Don) sphynxes. The Peterbald sphynx is a cross-breed between Donskoy sphynxes, Oriental and Siamese cats. Finally, the Ukrainian Levkoy was created by crossing a Donskoy sphynx with a Scottish fold cat. As a result, all three breeds can be considered to be genetically related, which is not the case for Canadian sphynx cats, which should not be related to these breeds. Nevertheless, and although generally not recommended, some breeders mate Canadian and Donskoy sphynxes. As we could not obtain a pedigree—and thus the confirmation of their single breed origin—we suspect, and cannot prove, that the two Canadian sphynx cats included in our study were not purebred, and rather crosses with one of the Donskoy-related breeds. Another possible explanation is that FESC is not a genetic condition, and instead represents a distinct phenotype associated with the nakedness of sphynx breeds, perhaps one associated with their likely colder skin temperature. As the clinical presentation of FESC is mild and rarely associated with pruritus or discomfort, it is possible that haired cats of other breeds also might be affected by FE, which would remain invisible to their owners and veterinarians because of its coverage by the coat. Nevertheless, the uniqueness of the breeds currently shown to be affected by FESC should prompt additional studies on its possible genetic causation.
在我们的研究中，大多数猫在很小的时候就出现了它们的第一个临床症状。在没有感染症状的情况下，如此年轻的发病年龄引起了对该病遗传原因的怀疑。此外，FESC只在特定的东欧/波罗的海国家的斯芬克斯猫中观察到。我们研究中的7只猫是顿斯科伊斯芬克斯猫(Don) 。彼得堡斯芬克斯是顿斯科伊斯芬克斯猫、东方猫和暹罗猫的杂交品种。最后，乌克兰Levkoy是由一只顿斯科伊斯芬克斯和一只苏格兰折耳猫杂交而成的。因此，这三个品种可以被认为是遗传相关的，但加拿大斯芬克斯猫不是这样的情况，它不应该与这些品种有关。然而，尽管一般不推荐，一些育种者将加拿大和顿斯科伊斯芬克斯杂交。由于我们无法获得纯种猫的血统，因此无法证实它们是单一品种的，我们怀疑，也无法证明，纳入我们研究的这两只加拿大斯芬克斯猫不是纯种的，而是与其中一个顿斯科伊猫品种的杂交。另一种可能的解释是FESC不是一种遗传疾病，而是与斯芬克斯品种的无毛相关的一种独特的表型，可能与它们较低的皮肤温度有关。由于FESC的临床表现轻微，很少伴有瘙痒或不适，其他品种毛发猫也可能受到FE的影响，因为FE被被毛覆盖，所以主人和兽医看不到它。然而，目前被证明受FESC影响的品种的独特性应该促使对其可能的遗传病因进行更多的研究。
There are several limitations of our study. These include a low number of included cats, an absence of uniform diagnostic work-up and treatment and a wide range of follow-up period durations. Laboratory tests for systemic or infectious diseases were not conducted based on the absence of systemic clinical signs, or test results were not included in the questionnaire and analysis. Unfortunately, a detailed analysis of each cat's pedigree was not possible in every case either. Performing a prospective study with uniform and comprehensive diagnostic tests and a limited number of therapeutic trials would enable a more precise assessment of the nature, evolution of lesions and response to treatment.
我们的研究有几个局限性。其中包括纳入的猫数量少，缺乏统一的诊断检查和治疗，以及广泛的随访期。未根据无全身临床症状进行全身或感染性疾病的实验室检查，或检查结果未纳入问卷和分析。不幸的是，也不可能对每只猫的谱系都进行详细的分析。通过统一和全面的诊断测试和有限数量的治疗试验进行前瞻性研究，将能够更精确地评估病变的性质、演变和对治疗的效果。
CONCLUSION
结论
We described herein 11 sphynx cats with FE. This condition—which we propose to name at this time FESC—is characterised by annular, circinate, concentric, polycyclic or arciform erythematous and slightly raised lesions, with mild scaling affecting the trunk and extremities. Affected cats are usually males younger than 24 months at the age of onset, are otherwise asymptomatic and have a chronic course of disease that does not appear to respond to diet or treatment. Despite many clinical similarities with human FE, the disease in sphynx cats does not appear to represent the feline homologue of any of the recognised forms of human FE and might instead be a new phenotype specific to sphynx cats.
我们在此描述了11只患FE的斯芬克斯猫。这种疾病(我们建议在此命名为FESC)的特征是环状、螺旋状、同心圆、多环状或弧状发红和轻微隆起的皮肤病变，躯干和四肢有轻度皮屑。患病猫通常是发病年龄小于24个月的雄性猫，其他方面无症状，有一个慢性病程，似乎对饮食或治疗没有反应。尽管与人类FE有许多临床相似之处，但斯芬克斯猫的疾病似乎并不代表任何已知形式的人类FE的猫的同种疾病，而可能是斯芬克斯猫的一种新的特异性表型。
FIGURE 1 Photograph of linear erythematous polycyclic and arciform lesions in Sphynx cats with figurate erythema (FE). (a) Cat 11 and (b) Cat 2 have the generalised distribution of lesions with different degrees of erythema. (c) Cat 7 shows truncal lesions surrounding nipples, and (d) Cat 9 has very mild lesions which are minimally erythematous and elevated.
图1伴花纹状红斑(FE)的斯芬克斯猫线状多环和弧形病变照片(a) 11号猫和(b) 2号猫的皮肤病变分布广泛，有不同程度的发红。(c) 7号猫显示乳头周围的躯干病变，(d) 9号猫有非常轻微的病变，轻微的发红和隆起。
FIGURE 2 Photograph of ‘trailing scale’ in cats with figurate erythema (FE): desquamation following the pattern of the linear plaques on the left side (a) and (b) abdomen.
图2有花纹状红斑(FE)的猫的“蔓延性皮屑”照片:皮屑沿着左侧(a)和腹部(b)的线性斑块产生。
TABLE 1 Diagnostics performed in cats included in this study
表1本研究中对猫进行的诊断
FIGURE 3 Histopathological findings for skin in a Donskoy sphynx (Cat 8) with figurate erythema (FE). (a) Low-magnification image of the transition between normal and lesional skin; the normal epidermis can be seen on both sides of the section (N). Note the mild epidermal hyperplasia (H) and the hyperkeratosis in the lesional skin (black arrows). (b) High-magnification image showing that the lesional skin epidermis is mildly-to-moderately hyperplastic with a few foci of mild basal keratinocyte disarray (black arrows). There is subepidermal oedema (*) and mildly increased numbers of mast cells in the superficial dermis. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)
图3一只具有花纹状红斑(FE)的顿斯科伊斯芬克斯(8号猫)的皮肤组织病理学检查。(a)正常和病变皮肤之间交界处的低倍图像;切片两侧可见正常表皮(N)。注意病变皮肤处轻度表皮增生(H)和角化过度(黑箭头)。(b)高倍镜图像显示，病变皮肤表皮轻至中度增生，少数点状轻度基底角质形成细胞紊乱(黑箭头)。表皮下水肿(*)，真皮浅层肥大细胞数量轻度增加。苏木精-伊红(HE染色）。 | 
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发表于 2024-2-1 13:33:31
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