癣菌的毛干和细胞学资料

刘欣

以下内容摘自犬猫细胞学，该书封面见下面照片。不知为什么很多人放着简单的细胞学不用，乐此不疲地使用DTM培养基，也不知培养了多少杂菌，还要津津乐道。谁受累帮大家翻译一下？
Dermatophytosis
This is a common infectious and often contagious disease to humans that frequently involves the superficial layers of the skin, hairs, and nails. Microsporum and Trichophyton sp. are the most common genera of dermatophytes associated with dogs and cats. The lesions typically present with focal alopecia, broken hair shafts, crusts, scales, and erythema on the head, feet, and tail of
dogs and cats (Caruso et al., 2002). Less commonly seen are raised or dermal nodules called kerions (Logan et al.,2006). A kerion forms when the infected hair follicle ruptures and both the fungus and keratin spill into the dermis, eliciting an intense infl ammatory response. Cytologic specimens reveal a pyogranulomatous inflammation with degenerate neutrophils and large epithelioid
macrophages. Arthrospores that measure 2 to 4 μm possess a thin, clear capsule (Fig. 3-20A). The arthrospores and nonstaining hyphae are associated with hair shafts, which are best visualized using clearing agents with plucked hairs (Fig. 3-20B&C) or methenamine silver staining (Fig. 3-20D) or PAS (Fig. 3-20E). Fungal culture is necessary for identifi cation. An uncommon presentation is a dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, usually seen in Persian cats, that is most often caused by Microsporum canis (Zimmerman et al.,2003). It presents as a nodular granuloma with fistulous tracts deep into subcutaneous tissues. Cytologically, this involves macrophages with abundant foamy cytoplasm and numerous multinucleated giant cells (Fig. 3-20F). Arthrospores may be present along with fungal hyphae that have an irregular shape and size and may stain variably with Romanowsky-type stains (Fig. 3-20G). Positive staining occurs with PAS and methenamine silver (Fig. 3-20H). Treatment of the nodules involves surgical excision and antifungal drugs.

FIGURE 3-20. A-E, Dermatophytosis. A, Tissue imprint. Dog. Squamous epithelium, remnant hair shaft, and mostly neutrophilic infl ammation are present along with moderate numbers of arthrospores. These basophilic, oval to elongate structures with a thin, clear capsule measure 2-3 μm in width and 2-5 μm in length. (Modifi ed Wright; HP oil.) B, Hair pluck. Low-magnifi cation view of keratincleared hair shaft with attached arthrospores. (Unstained; HP oil.) C, Hair pluck. High-magnifi cation view of keratin-cleared hair shaft demonstrating arthrospores outside and fungal hyphae within the hair. (Unstained; HP oil.) D, Tissue section. Dog. Note the black stained hyphae within the hair shaft from this tissue section of skin. Diagnosis confi rmed as M. canis by culture. (Gomori’s methenamine silver; HP oil.) E, Tissue aspirate. Dog. Dermal nodule (kerion) with multiple pink oval arthroconidia within neutrophils and extracellular. Culture results indicated Microsporum canis infection. (Periodic acid-Schiff; HP oil.) Same case F-H, Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma. Tissue aspirate. Cat. F, Several multinucleated giant cells are present in this 3-cm superfi cial mass on the lateral abdomen of a Persian cat. (Wright-Giemsa; HP oil.)

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翟羽佳

皮肤癣菌
这是一种人类常见的具有感染性和传染性的疾病，通常涉及皮肤，毛发和指甲的表层。孢子菌属和毛癣菌属是犬、猫最常见的感染菌属。典型病变表现为在犬猫的头部，爪部和尾部出现局灶性的脱毛，毛干断裂，痂皮，鳞屑，红斑（Caruso等人，2002年）。
少量的凸起和皮肤结节称为脓癣（Logan等人，2006年）。当感染的毛囊破裂并且真菌和角蛋白溢出到真皮层时，这个脓癣灶会引发激烈的炎症反应。细胞学标本通过观察到退化的中性粒细胞和大的上皮样细胞提示化脓性肉芽肿炎症。
分生孢子一般2-4μm大，有薄的透明的囊(Fig. 3-20A)。分生孢子和非着色的菌丝与毛干相关联，最好对拔出的毛发使用透明剂(Fig. 3-20B&C)然后用胺银染色(Fig. 3-20D)或PAS染色(Fig. 3-20E)使其可视化。真菌培养是必要的鉴定方法。
有一种不常见的表现是皮肤癣假足分支菌病，发现于波斯猫身上，有犬小孢子菌引起。它表现为结节性的肉芽组织，同时会出现深入到皮下组织深层的瘘道。细胞学可见有大量的胞浆呈泡沫状的巨噬细胞和很多多核的巨噬细胞(Fig. 3-20F)。分生孢子可能因为与菌丝共同存在而表现出不规则的形状和大小，也可能会被罗曼诺夫斯基型染色污染 (Fig. 3-20G)。PAS和胺银染色(Fig. 3-20H)。结节的治疗手段包括手术切除和应用抗真菌的药物。
图3-20.A-E,皮肤癣菌。A.组织压片，犬，鳞状上皮，毛干断裂，大量中性粒细胞和中等数量的分生孢子同时存在。这些椭圆形细长的结构有一个薄而透明的囊包裹，大概有2-3微米宽，2-5μm长(Modifi ed Wright; HP oil.)。B.拔毛，低倍镜下，毛干角蛋白断面上可见分生孢子。C.拔毛，高倍镜下，毛干角蛋白断面上可见分生孢子和真菌菌丝。D.组织切片，注意皮肤组织内的毛干中染成黑色的菌丝。通过培养确诊为犬小孢子(Gomori’s methenamine silver; HP oil.)。E.组织抽吸，犬，皮肤结节（脓癣），有多个粉红色椭圆形的分生孢子和中性粒细胞及细胞外基质。培养结果显示为犬小孢子菌感染(Periodic acid-Schiff; HP oil.)。F-H是同样的情况，皮肤癣假足分支菌病，组织抽吸，来自猫。F.有几个多核巨噬细胞出现在一个3cm的浅表肿块中，这个肿块源于一只波斯猫的腹部。
:lol:loveliness::P我自己试着翻译了一下~~~

sophiegreen

感谢老师分享~

唐宛如

fex8973737wj

刘欣 发表于 2015-12-14 22:17
火星语吧

老师麻烦问一下胶带染色用的胶带是什么牌子的，谢谢？

fex8973737wj

牛成帅

老师，总是那么霸气。

燕子……

唐芳婷

sqs2519775452

金桥