犬链球菌感染:393例回顾性研究（2）

王帆

Streptococcal Infection in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 393 Cases

犬链球菌感染:393例回顾性研究

G. Lamm1 , A. C. Ferguson1 , T. W. Lehenbauer2 , and B. C. Love1

翻译：王帆

Results

结果

General Bacteriology

普通细菌学

Of the 2,432 samples cultured during the study period, streptococcal organisms were isolated from 499 cases (20.5%). Of these 499 cases, 106 (21.2%) were categorized as α-hemolytic Streptococcus spp and were not further included in the study. The species of Streptococcus isolated in the remaining 393 samples are correlated with the disease diagnosed in each dog in Table 1.

在研究期间培养的2432份样本中，499例(20.5%)分离出链球菌。在这499例病例中，有106例(21.2%)属于α-溶血型链球菌，未进一步纳入研究。在其余393个样本中分离出的链球菌种类与每只犬诊断出的疾病关系见表1。

Of the 393 samples, Streptococcus spp were the only organisms identified in 17 dogs (4.3%). In 376 dogs, at least 1 other bacterial, viral, parasitic, or fungal organism was identified. The nonstreptococcal bacteria isolated were considered nonpathogenic contaminants in 109 dogs. The remaining 267 dogs had concurrent infection with a pathogenic virus (24 cases), fungus/yeast (12 cases), bacteria (173 cases), or a combination of these pathogens (69 cases). Concurrent viral pathogens included canine adenovirus serotype 2, canine parvovirus 2, canine coronavirus, canine herpesvirus, and canine distemper virus. Fungal and yeast pathogens included Malassezia pachydermatis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Candida spp. Other clinically important bacteria included Staphylococcus spp, Bordetella spp, Brucella canis, Clostridium difficile, C perfringens, β-hemolytic Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pasteurella spp, and Pseudomonas spp. Some dogs were also infected with parasites, including Demodex canis, hookworms, roundworms, and whipworms.

在393份样本中，17只犬(4.3%)中唯一鉴定出的微生物是链球菌。在376只犬中，至少鉴定出1种其他细菌、病毒、寄生虫或真菌微生物。109只犬体内分离的非链球菌被认为是非致病性污染物。其余267只犬同时感染致病性病毒(24例)、真菌/酵母(12例)、细菌(173例)或这些病原联合感染(69例)。并发的病毒病原包括犬腺病毒2型、犬细小病毒2型、犬冠状病毒、犬疱疹病毒和犬瘟热病毒。真菌和酵母病原包括厚皮马拉色菌、申克孢子丝菌和念珠菌。其他临床重要的细菌包括葡萄球菌、博代氏杆菌、犬布氏杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌、产气芽孢杆菌、β-溶血型大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、巴斯德菌和假单胞菌。有些犬也感染了寄生虫,包括犬蠕形螨、钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫。

Signalment of Dogs With Streptococcal Infection

犬链球菌感染临床特征

Of the 393 dogs, 24 were fetuses or neonates, 58 were puppies, 66 were juveniles, 144 were adults, and 64 were geriatric. Age was not specified for 37 dogs (9.4%). Of the total 2,432 cultured samples for which age was recorded, a Streptococcus species was isolated from 100% of the fetuses of neonates (24 of 24), 35.2% of the puppies (58 of 165), 21.0% of the juveniles (66 of 314), 13.5% of the adults (144 of 1,067), and 9.7% of geriatric dogs (64 of 661). There was a significant linear trend for Streptococcus isolation from younger dogs (P < .001). Dogs < 1 year old were 2.2 times more likely to have a positive culture than were older dogs (95% confidence interval ¼ 1.9, 2.6). Likewise, dogs < 8 weeks of age were 4.0 times more likely than older dogs to have a Streptococcus sp isolated (85% confidence interval ¼ 3.1, 5.3).

393只犬中，胎儿或新生儿24只，幼犬58只，未成年犬66只，成年犬144只，老年犬64只。37只犬没有确定年龄(9.4%)。总数2432份培养样本的年龄进行记录,100%的胎儿新生儿(24/24),35.2%的幼犬(58/165),21.0%的青年犬(66 /314),13.5%的成年犬(144/1067)和9.7%的老年犬(64/661)分离出一种链球菌。青年犬链球菌分离呈显著线性趋势(P＜0.001)。＜1岁犬的培养呈阳性的可能性是＞1岁犬的2.2倍(95%置信区间1.9,2.6)。同样,＜8周龄犬分离出一种链球菌的可能性是＞8周龄犬的4.0倍(85%置信区间为3.1、5.3)。

Of the 393 dogs, 176 were male, 188 were female, and sex was not recorded for 29. Streptococcus spp were isolated in 17.5% (176 of 1,007), 15.1% (188 of 1,242), and 15.8% (29 of 183) of male, female, and dogs of unknown sex, respectively (P > .30).

393只犬中，公犬176只，母犬188只，不明性别的有29只。在雄性、雌性和性别不明的犬种中分离出链球菌的比例分别为17.5%(176 / 1007)、15.1%(188 / 1242)和15.8% (29 / 183)(P＞0.30)。

Of the 2,432 samples submitted for culture, Streptococcus spp were isolated from 36% (64 of 178), 17% (157 of 913), 15% (150 of 1006), and 7% (22 of 335) for the years 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. No annual trend for percentage of positive samples was detected by correlation or regression analyses of raw data or data that were weighted to account for partial years at the beginning and end of the study or annual fluctuation in sample size (P > .05). The proportion of positive cultures of Streptococcus spp varied by season, with 12% (90 of 745), 16% (102 of 633), 21% (101 of 478), and 17% (100 of 576) for winter, spring, summer, and fall, respectively (P < .001). All pairwise comparisons of proportions according to season were statistically significant (P < .05) except for comparisons between spring and fall and between summer and fall (P > .10). The proportion of positive samples in winter (12%) was significantly less than that in all other seasons, and the proportion for summer (21%) was significantly greater than that for spring (16%).

在提交培养的2432份样本中，分别从2005年、2006年、2007年和2008年分离出的链球菌的比例是36%(64/178)、17%(157/913)、15%(150/1006)和7%(22/335)。通过对原始数据进行相关或回归分析，或在研究开始和结束时加权考虑偏年的数据或样本量的年度波动，未发现阳性样本百分比的年度趋势(P＞0. 05)。链球菌阳性率随季节变化，冬季、春季、夏季和秋季分别为12%(90/745)、16%(102/633)、21%(101/478)和17%(100/576)（P＜0.001）。各季节比例的两两比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，除了春季与秋季、夏季与秋季的比较外(P ＞0.10)。冬季阳性样本占比(12%)显著低于其他季节，夏季阳性样本占比(21%)显著高于春季阳性样本占比(16%)。

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