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To test the hypothesis that canine vision is dichromatic in nature and resembles that of human red–green color blindness, researchers used a modified version of a human color blindness test (Ishihara test) to evaluate an orienting response (ie, movements of the eyes, head, and body) to movements of a colored target in the dog’s visual field. Results of this study support the hypothesis, providing a direct comparison with color vision in humans and potentially opening the door for the development of new techniques to assess color vision in animals.

为了验证犬视觉本质上是双色的，并且类似于人类红绿色盲的假说，研究人员使用改良的人色盲测试（石原氏试验）评估犬视野中色靶移动的定向反应（即眼睛、头部和身体的运动）。这项研究结果支持了这一假设，提供了与人类色觉的直接比较，并可能为开发评估动物色觉的新技术打开大门。

Siniscalchi M, d’Ingeo S, Fornelli S, Quaranta A. Are dogs red–green colour blind? R Soc Open Sci. 2017. doi:10.1098/rsos.170869

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a bioactive lipid involved in maintaining and restoring cellular homeostasis. The effect of ultramicronized PEA (PEA-um) on mast cells was measured in an ex vivo skin model of canine atopic dermatitis. Cultured skin biopsy samples were treated with either 10 μg/mL or 100 μg/mL of compound 48/80 (ie, a secretagogue that causes mast cell degranulation), with or without 30 μM PEA-um. Exposure to PEA-um before and during a 72-hour treatment period with 10 μg/mL or 100 μg/mL of compound 48/80 caused a marked-to-significant decrease in degranulating mast cells, histamine content, and vasodilation.

十六酰胺乙醇(PEA)是一种生物活性脂质，参与维持和恢复细胞内稳态。在犬特应性皮炎离体皮肤模型中测定了超微粒化PEA(PEA-um)对肥大细胞的影响。培养的皮肤活检样本用10μg/mL或100μg/mL的48/80复合物（即引起肥大细胞脱颗粒的促分泌素）处理，加入或不加30μM PEA-um。10μg/mL或100μg/mL的48/80复合物在72小时的治疗前和治疗期间暴露于PEA-um导致脱颗粒肥大细胞、组胺含量和血管舒张功能显著降低。

Abramo F, Lazzarini G, Pirone A, et al. Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide counteracts the effects of compound 48/80 in a canine skin organ culture model. Vet Dermatol. 2017;28(5):456-e104.

DESCRIPTION: Methimazole is a thioureylene antithyroid drug, which inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Methimazole (1-methylimidazole-2-thiol) is a white, crystalline substance that is freely soluble in water. The chemical formula is C4H6N2S.Molecular weight is 114.16.

说明：甲硫咪唑是一种硫脲类抗甲状腺药物，可抑制甲状腺素的合成。甲硫咪唑（1-甲基咪唑-2-硫醇）是一种白色晶体物质，易溶于水。化学式为C4H6N2S。分子量为114.16。

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Do not use in cats with hypersensitivity to methimazole, carbimazole or the excipient, polyethylene glycol. Do not use in cats with primary liver disease or renal failure, autoimmune disease, hematological disorders, or coagulopathies. Do not use in pregnant or lactating queens. Laboratory studies of methimazole in rats and mice have shown evidence of teratogenic and embryotoxic effects.

禁忌症：对甲硫咪唑、卡比马唑或辅料聚乙二醇过敏的猫不得使用。不得用于患有原发性肝病或肾衰竭、自体免疫性疾病、血液疾病或凝血障碍的猫。请勿用于妊娠或哺乳期母猫。甲硫咪唑在大鼠和小鼠中的实验室研究显示出致畸和胚胎毒性的证据。

HUMAN WARNINGS: Not for use in humans. Keep out of reach of children. Methimazole is a human teratogen. Wash hands with soap and water after administration of methimazole or contact with the litter of treated cats. Do not break or crush tablets. Wear protective gloves to prevent direct contact with litter, feces, urine, or vomit of treated cats, and broken or moistened tablets. Methimazole may cause vomiting, gastric distress, headache, fever, arthralgia, pruritus, and pancytopenia. In the event of accidental ingestion/ overdose, seek medical advice immediately and show the product label to the physician.

人类警告：不适用于人类。请将本品放置在儿童接触不到的地方。甲硫咪唑是一种人的致畸剂。给予甲硫咪唑后或与给药猫排泄物接触后，用肥皂和水洗手。请勿掰开或压碎片剂。佩戴防护手套，以防止直接接触给药猫的猫砂、粪便、尿液或呕吐物以及破碎或浸湿的药片。甲硫咪唑可能引起呕吐、胃部不适、头痛、发热、关节痛、瘙痒和全血细胞减少。如果意外摄入/过量，立即就医并向医生出示产品标签。

PRECAUTIONS: Use of FELIMAZOLE Coated Tablets in cats with renal dysfunction should be carefully evaluated. Reversal of hyperthyroidism may be associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate and a decline in renal function, unmasking the presence of underlying renal disease. Cats on methimazole therapy should be monitored closely for any sign of illness including fever, lymphadenopathy, or signs of anemia, as these may be associated with serious adverse reactions.

注意事项：应谨慎评估FELIMAZOLE包衣片在肾功能不全患猫的使用。甲状腺功能亢进的逆转可能与肾小球滤过率降低和肾功能下降有关，揭示潜在肾脏疾病的存在。应密切监测接受甲硫咪唑治疗患猫的任何疾病症状，包括发热、淋巴结病或贫血症状，因为这些可能与严重的不良反应相关。

ADVERSE REACTIONS: The most common adverse reactions reported are lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea/loose stool, abnormal vocalization, and self-induced excoriations of the head and neck.Serious, but less common, adverse reactions may include lymphadenopathy, hepatopathy, immune mediated anemia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis. Depression/withdrawn behavior, weight loss, hair coat abnormalities, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), weakness, and agitation have also been reported as associated with long-term use.

不良反应：最常见的不良反应报告为嗜睡、厌食、呕吐、腹泻/稀软便、发声异常和自损性头颈部表皮剥脱。严重但不太常见的不良反应可能包括淋巴结病、肝病、免疫介导性贫血、血小板减少和粒细胞缺乏症。抑郁/退缩行为、体重减轻、被毛异常、血尿素氮(BUN)升高、也有与长期使用有关的虚弱和烦躁的报告。

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